The key to electrifying the global economy, according to mining magnate Robert Friedland, will be made of copper. So much so that finding and producing enough copper to fuel the transition away from fossil fuels is a national security issue.

Speaking to the CRU World Copper Conference, Friedland said mining companies will have to be “real heroes” and governments will need to accept the industry if the world is to successfully transition to clean energy and transport. Friedland is founder and co-chairman of Ivanhoe Mines Ltd., which explores and develops mines in Africa. The world is yet to grasp the scale of disruption in replacing fossil fuels, with most people in urban areas unaware of where materials in everyday life come from, he said.

“It’s all copper, copper, copper, copper, copper, copper,” Friedland said.

Bloomberg reported that while the 70-year-old billionaire is taking a long-term view, his words of warning contrast with those of some of his colleagues at the conference who are reluctant to accelerate growth plans in a cyclical market. His comments seem more in line with bullish analysts such as Goldman Sachs Group Inc.’s Nicholas Snowdon, who predicts record-high prices as the metal heads toward the tightest conditions since the mid-2000s.

Mining is suffering from years of underinvestment, with America very under-explored because for 20 or 30 years “it wasn’t cool to mine,” Friedland said. Where future supplies come from “is going to be a matter of fervent debate” as will how to tax and regulate them.

Copper is a vital part of green infrastructure from grids to wind turbines. Massive investments are needed to electrify economies. The U.S. power grid, which “is a joke” compared with China’s, needs $10 trillion and “astronomic amounts” of the right metals to get up to scratch, he said.

“In the short term, we’ve had a big rise in the price of copper,” Friedland said. “But for the medium term, copper has really become a national security issue. It’s central for what we want to do with our economy.”

While the industry should now be seen as part of the solution in global decarbonization, it also faces challenges to decarbonize, he said. Ore quality around the world is deteriorating, meaning volume has to rise and carbon emissions increase. Mining will need both hydroelectric and nuclear power as well as renewable, he said.

People should expect a carbon tax on everything, he said.