Traditional gender roles have made the numbers of male and female workers disproportionate in different industries. Such industries include mining, where less than 20 percent (Table 1) of the workforce are women. A 2020 survey showed that the percentage of women employed in the mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction industry was 14.5 percent (11.5 percent white women, 0.1 percent black women, 2 percent Asian women, and 2.2 percent Latinas) (Quick take, 2021). Women constitute only 14 percent of executive ranks at the upper level, 10.3 percent of the industry’s board positions, and 11.1 percent of the C-suite executive roles in 2022 (Kuykendall and Darden, 2022).
