Proactive management is necessary for a tailings storage facility (TSF) to operate successfully. Tailings are heterogeneous and anisotropic by nature, which presents numerous difficulties for their storage, design, operation and closure. The designs of monitoring systems are adapted to the distinctiveness of each TSF and anticipated operating performance, and they range from the most basic to the most sophisticated. Implementing a well-thought-out and thorough monitoring program is necessary to evaluate TSF performance. This program must produce high-quality data, collect and retrieve data quickly and reliably, and use the right methods to send this data to stakeholders for analysis and evaluation (Morrison, 2022).
