Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming an increasingly important aspect of tunnel projects worldwide. Due to the rapid development of new technology, software, data management tools, and data management concepts, BIM has the capacity to fundamentally change how tunnels, or more generally, underground infrastructure, is designed, built and maintained. While the rapid development of BIM within the past decade has certainly led to improvement in tunneling projects, it has also led to a certain degree of ambiguity concerning the core concepts behind BIM and its implementation. This ambiguity can be further exacerbated by the differences in goals of BIM implementation between project partners, i.e., between owners, engineers and contractors within a tunnelling project.
