This paper describes a creep damage model that was proposed to clarify the rockburst mechanism for the Mufulira underground copper mine in Zambia. Cumulative rock damage was evaluated for the edge elements of each sidewall of the mining drives based on normal stresses by the 3-D displacement discontinuity method (DDM) (Crouch and Fairhurst, 1973). The rockburst occurrences were well hindcasted.
Full-text paper:
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (2022) 39:1983–2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42461-022-00668-z